报告题目：Phytoremediation -- Gene Expression in Plants and Microbes for Degradation of Organic Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater
报 告 人：Jerald L Schnoor博士
报告时间：2007年3月28日 下午2：00-4：00
报告地点：浙江大学西溪校区邵科馆一楼报告厅
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环境与资源学院
2007年3月26日
报告内容简介：
The action of phytoremediation takes place at the molecular scale. It comprises the genetic machinery of plants (and associated microbes in the root zone) which determines the capability of an engineered system to transform, detoxify, and/or immobilize chemical contaminants. Genes encode enzymes for transformation of organic xenobiotic compounds. Experience in the field at actual phytoremediation sites allows us to ask relevant questions about metabolism, enzyme induction, and gene regulation that are best studied in the laboratory or greenhouse. Gene expression research is a potential strategy for screening plants and associated rhizosphere microorganisms for field applications.
The presentation provides an overview of research utilizing molecular techniques (quantitative real-time RT-PCR and microarrays) to analyze gene expression in plants for the degradation of explosives compounds, pesticides, petrochemicals and chlorinated solvents in soils and groundwater. Hybrid poplar is a “model plant” from both the standpoint of genomics, and as a commercially important species actually used in silvaculture and phytoremediation. In addition, we have utilized molecular techniques to study the gene expression of bacteria in the rhizosphere. And we continue to investigate the synergism between endophytic bacteria and plants, and the role that endophytes may play in phytoremediation.
Organic chemicals which pass-through membranes and translocate to stem and leaf tissues can be converted and solubilized by enzymes (e.g., cytochrome monooxygenase P450s or nitroreductase enzymes), conjugated by glutathione-S-transferase or sugars, and/or compartmentalized in vacuoles, cell walls or the lignin of plants. These “bound residues” pose a potential problem if they become remobilized or engender ecotoxicity. A case study is reported for phytoremediation of explosive compounds TNT, RDX, and HMX. In the Keck Laboratory, we have evidence of several genes which encode enzymes involved in the transformation of these chemicals in hybrid poplar. Major metabolites have been identified and pathways proposed.
Keywords: Phytoremediation, gene expression, enzymes, xenobiotic chemicals
报告人简历
Dr. Jerald L, Schnoor, 国际著名环境刊物ES&T主编、美国工程院院士、美国Iowa大学工程学院市政与环境工程教授。1972年在Iowa州立大学获化学工程学士学位，1974年在Texas大学获环境卫生工程硕士学位，1975年毕业于Texas大学市政工程专业，获博士学位。Schnoor教授是化学工程与环境工程专家，他的研究涉及广泛的环境问题，包括：有毒化学物的运移和归宿、水质模型、污染场地的修复、以及全球变化的生物地球化学。在20世纪80年代早期，Schnoor教授第一个认识到泛滥美国东部地区的酸雨问题也影响到瑞典，因两国地质相似，这一高见使他与瑞士联邦环境科学与技术研究院进行了长期合作。他的酸沉降风险评价模型被美国国家酸沉降评价计划采纳用于美国东部地区的湖泊。Schnoor教授及其学生开辟了利用植物修复受污染场地的先河。Schnoor教授写的书《Environmental Modeling》被美国、欧洲、亚洲等国家研究机构采用为教本。此外，Schnoor教授是6本书的编辑，发表150篇论文。Schnoor教授是美国环保局科学顾问委员会的成员，美国环保局研究与发展办公室科学辩护委员会的主席，以及美国研究委员会水科学与技术部成员。Schnoor教授荣获多种奖项，如1998年获美国市政工程协会颁发的Rudolph Hering Medal，1996年获Iowa大学颁发的Presidential Lecturer。